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Orde Wingate
Major General Orde Charles Wingate & Two Bars (26 February 1903 – 24 March 1944) was an officer of the British Army known for his creation of the Chindits deep-penetration missions in Japanese held territory during World War II. Wingate was an exponent of unconventional military thinking and the value of surprise tactics. Assigned to the Mandatory Palestine, he became a supporter of Zionism, and set up a joint British-Jewish counter-insurgency unit. Under the patronage of the area commander Archibald Wavell, Wingate was given increasing latitude to put his ideas into practice during World War II. He created units in Abyssinia and Burma. At a time when Britain was in need of moral-boosting generalship, Wingate attracted Winston Churchill's attention with a self-reliant aggressive philosophy of war, and was given resources to stage a large scale operation. The last Chindit campaign may have determined the outcome of the Battle of Kohima, although the offensive into India by the Japanese may have occurred because Wingate's first operation had demonstrated the possibility of moving through the jungle. In practice both Japanese and British forces suffered severe supply problems and malnutrition. Wingate was killed in an aircraft accident late in the war. A continuing controversy over the Chindits has centered around the casualty rate the force suffered, especially from disease. Wingate believed that resistance to infection could be improved by inculcating a tough mental attitude, but medical officers considered his methods unsuited to a tropical environment.
==Childhood and education==
Wingate was born 26 February 1903, in Naini Tal, near Almora, in Kumaon, India, to a military family. His father had become a committed member of the Plymouth Brethren early in his army career in India, and at the age of 46 married the oldest daughter of a family who were also Plymouth Brethren, after wooing her for 20 years. His father reached retirement from the army two years after Wingate was born.
Most of Wingate's childhood was spent in England. For the first 12 years of his life, he socialized primarily with his siblings.〔 The seven Wingate children received a typical Christian education for the era. Each day time was set aside for studying and memorizing the Scriptures.
In 1916, his family moved to Godalming, where Wingate attended Charterhouse School as a day boy. He did not board at the school nor did he participate in the activities of a public school education. Instead, Wingate was kept busy at home by his parents, who encouraged their children to tackle challenging projects which fostered independent thought, initiative and self-reliance.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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